Remember that when people say things like, “It’s impossible for humans to reproduce on Mars” or “We’ll never expand out into the galaxy,” that it was once thought impossible to even get to space or do things we now find trivial, like sending data across the planet nearly instantly.

If humans survive I expect all these things will happen eventually — it’s just that the techno-optimists have the timeline wrong. They think it’ll be in 20 or 50 years. I suspect more like 500 to 5,000 years.