Vultus

I donโ€™t know first use, but I started hearing the term โ€œvulture fundโ€ and the related โ€œvulture capitalist(s)โ€ during the 1990s, and possibly in the 1980s but I was not paying as much attention then.

However, the earliest historical reference I can find is from 1964, in The Bankers Magazine, Volume 174.

That the term is used without quotes in a stodgy magazine like that (though it has an explanation) implies it was already in relatively-wide usage well before that.

If I had to guess, though I could not find any earlier evidence, Iโ€™d say that it probably originated in the 1930s informally.